腰椎闭合性骨折术后切口愈合不良相关因素分析

Analysis of related factors of poor wound healing after closed lumbar fracture surgery

目的本实验通过对腰椎闭合性骨折术后切口愈合不良的相关危险因素进行分析和探讨,以减少术后切口愈合不良的发生。方法选取2017年5月—2020年5月蚌埠医学院第一附属医院骨科342例腰椎闭合性骨折的患者为研究对象,回顾性分析术后出现切口愈合不良的患者,对切口愈合不良的发生率及相关危险因素进行研究分析。结果 (1)342例患者中出现28例切口愈合不良,切口愈合不良的发生率为8.2%。单因素分析结果显示患者性别、切口长度、电刀使用、术前术后抗菌药物的使用及引流管引流时间对术后切口愈合情况没有影响,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);患者年龄>45岁、手术时间>3 h、糖尿病、高血压、BMI>28、腰背部脂肪厚度>3 cm与术后切口愈合不良有明显相关性,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。(2)以切口愈合不良为因变量,利用多因素logistic回归分析发现患者年龄、手术时间、糖尿病、高血压、体重指数、腰背部脂肪厚度是腰椎闭合性骨折术后切口愈合不良的独立危险因素。(3)28例切口愈合不良的患者中,切口感染最为常见,所占比为57.14%;其中金黄色葡萄球菌为最常见的感染细菌,所占比为37.5%。结论患者年龄、手术时间、糖尿病、高血压、体重指数、腰背部脂肪厚度是腰椎闭合性骨折术后切口愈合不良的危险因素。

Objective To investigate and analyse the related risk factors of poor incision healing after operation for lumbar closed fracture.Methods A total of 342 patients with closed lumbar fracture who were admitted to the department of orthopaedics in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from May 2017 to May 2020 were included in the study.The incidence of poor incision healing and related risk factors were studied and analysed retrospectively.Results(1)Among the 342 patients,28 cases had poor incision healing,with an incidence of 8.2%.Univariate analysis showed that gender,the length of incision,use of electric knife,use of antibiotics before and after the operation and drainage time of the drainage tube had no effect on postoperative incision healing,and the difference was not statistically significant(all P>0.05).Age of>45 years,operation time of>3 h,diabetes,hypertension,BMI of>28 and waist and back fat thickness of>3 cm were significantly correlated with poor wound healing after operation.(2)Multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that age,operation time,diabetes,hypertension,body mass index and low hack fat thickness were independent risk factors for poor incision healing after operation for lumbar closed fracture when poor wound healing was used as a dependent variable.(3)Among the 28 patients with poor wound healing,incision infection was the most common,accounting for 57.14%.Staphylococcus aureus was the most common infection bacteria,accounting for 37.5%.Conclusion Patients'age,operation time,diabetes,hypertension,body mass index and low back fat thickness are the risk factors for poor incision healing after lumbar closed fracture operation.