血清肿瘤标志物在卵巢癌诊断中的研究进展

The research progress of serum tumor markers in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer

卵巢癌(ovarian cancer,OC)是全球三大妇科恶性肿瘤之一,其早期症状隐匿,缺乏有效的临床筛查手段,病死率较高,预后较差。尽可能早期发现疾病已成为近年来临床和科研工作的焦点。经阴道超声联合生物标志物检测是现阶段临床最常见的癌症筛查策略。癌胚抗原125(cancer antigen 125,CA125)是一种高分子量、高度糖基化的跨膜黏蛋白糖蛋白,可通过免疫测定法直接测定血清浓度,是目前临床应用最广泛的传统蛋白质肿瘤标志物之一,但缺乏足够的灵敏度和特异性。目前,对新诊断靶标的探索十分迫切,包括循环肿瘤DNA(circulating tumor DNA,ctDNA)、微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)和环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)等在内的诸多新兴肿瘤标志物正引起科研工作者的广泛关注,肿瘤标志物的联合检测具有重要的临床意义。对新兴肿瘤标志物的深入研究不仅有利于对疾病的早期诊断、早期治疗,还有助于推动对卵巢癌增殖、侵袭、转移、耐药等机制的进一步探索与思考。本文旨在综述近年来在卵巢癌诊断方面具有潜力的血清肿瘤标志物的研究进展,以期为卵巢癌早期诊断提供帮助,提高临床检出率,改善卵巢癌患者预后。

Ovarian cancer(OC)is one of the three gynecological malignancies in the world.Due to the lack of obvious clinical symptoms and effective screening methods in early OC,the patients have a high fatality rate,and their prognosis is poor.In recent years,early detection of OC is the hot spot of research for the clinical and scientific research workers.Transvaginal ultrasound combined with biomarker detection is the most common screening strategy at now.Cancer antigen 125(CA125)is a high molecular weight,highly glycosylated transmembrane mucin glycoprotein,which can be directly determined by immunoassay.It is currently the most widely used tumor protein marker,but the serology diagnosis for CA125 is lacking of sensitivity and specificity.At present,the exploration of new diagnostic targets is very urgent.Many serum tumor markers,including circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA),microRNA(miRNA)and circular RNA(circRNA),are attracting extensive attention of researchers.The combined detection of serum tumor markers has an important clinical significance.In-depth research on emerging tumor markers is not only conducive to early diagnosis and early treatment of OC,hut help to promote the further exploration of mechanisms such as proliferation,invasion,metastasis,and drug resistance.This article aims to review the research progress of serum tumor markers with potential in the diagnosis of OC in recent years,in order to provide help for the early diagnosis of OC,increase the clinical detection rate,and improve the prognosis of patients.