生活垃圾热水解产物对土壤养分和酶活性的影响

Effect of a domestic waste thermal hydrolysate on soil nutrients and enzymatic activity

生活垃圾分类背景下有机组分的高效处理与资源化利用是一个亟待解决的问题。为阐明生活垃圾热水解营养土对土壤营养成分和蔬菜生长的影响和作用机制,采用盆栽试验研究了营养土对油麦菜种植过程中土壤养分和酶活性的影响。结果表明,施用不同比例的营养土后,在油麦菜的各生长阶段,施加营养土的土壤中碱解氮含量均高于未施用的对照组,营养土施用量越大,碱解氮含量越高;土壤中速效磷总体呈先升高后降低的趋势,在油麦菜种植后10~30 d含量均较高;速效钾最高值为312.18 mg·kg^(-1),出现在营养土与土壤质量比1∶3的处理(30 d);各处理中土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性均显著高于对照组,并随施用量的增加而增加;但施用营养土处理组磷酸酶活性与对照组的差异不显著。营养土的施加能显著增加土壤碱解氮的含量,提高土壤中过氧化氢酶活性、脲酶活性和蔗糖酶活性,提高了土壤的肥力和活性,可有效促进植物的生长。

Given the background of household waste classification,efficient disposal and resource utilization of organic components is an urgent problem.To clarify the effect and mechanism of thermally hydrolyzed vegetative soil of domestic waste on soil nutrient composition and vegetable growth,a pot experiment was used to investigate the effects of nutrient soil produced by the pyrohydrolysis of domestic waste on soil nutrients and enzyme activity during the planting of rapeseed.The results showed that the available nitrogen content in soil containing different nutrient soil proportions was higher than in the blank group at each rapeseed growth stage.The available nitrogen content increased with increasing nutrient soil application.The available phosphorus content was higher in the soil from 10 d to 30 d,with an initially rising then declining trend.The maximum value of available potassium was 312.18 mg·kg^(-1) occurring in nutrient soil with a soil mass ratio of 1∶3 applied at 30 d.The catalase,urease,and sucrase activities in soil were significantly higher than in CK and tended to increase with an increase in nutrient soil application.However,there was no significant difference in phosphatase activity between the treatment and control groups.Adding nutrient soil can increase the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and improve catalase,urease,and sucrase activities in soil.Thus,it could improve soil fertility and enzyme activity,effectively promoting plant growth.