我国小学教育资源配置水平测评与均衡策略研究——基于PLS结构方程模型的分析

Research on the Evaluation and Balance Strategies of the Allocation Level of Primary School Educational Resources in China——An Analysis Based on PLS Structural Equation Model

均衡发展是义务教育的战略性任务。基于2017年教育统计数据中有关小学人力、财力、物力资源——教师、教育经费、硬件设备和校舍的数据,构建用于测评我国31个省(区、市)小学教育资源配置水平及省域差异的指标体系和PLS结构方程模型,研究表明:我国小学教育资源配置已实现基本均衡,教育资源配置过程基本受供给与需求原则支配,教育资源配置水平省域差异体现在各省(区、市)域内各指标发展水平的非均衡。我国中小学教育资源配置均衡的策略包括:第一,推进我国小学教育资源配置走向优质均衡;第二,加强对小学学龄人口的统计和监测,动态调配教育资源;第三,小学教育资源配置水平一般或略低但均衡的省份应全面推进各项指标发展,非均衡省份要提升其弱势指标和待提升项目的水平。

Balanced development is a strategic task of compulsory education. Based on the 2017 educational statistics,relevant data were selected concerning the human resources,financial resources,and material resources in primary schools which are the teachers,educational funds,hardware equipment and school buildings,and then the index system and PLS structural equation model were constructed to evaluate the resource allocation level of primary school education and provincial differences among 31 provinces(districts,cities) in China. The research shows:the allocation of primary education resources in China has achieved basic equilibrium;the allocation process of educational resources is basically dominated by the principles of supply and demand, and the provincial differences in the allocation level of educational resources are reflected in the unbalanced development level of each indicator in each province(district,city). To promote the balanced allocation of primary school education resources in China,the following strategies can be adopted:firstly,promoting the allocation of primary school education resources to the high-quality balance;secondly,strengthening the statistics and monitoring of primary school-age population,and dynamically allocating the educational resources;and lastly,provinces with general or slightly low but balanced level of primary school educational resources allocation should comprehensively promote the development of various indicators,while unbalanced provinces should improve their weak indicators and the level of projects to be improved.