2015-2020年凉山州疑似食源性疾病事件流行病学分析

Epidemiological Analysis of Suspected Food-borne Disease Incidents in Liangshan Prefecture From 2015 to 2020

目的提高凉山州食源性疾病事件的监测预警及流行病学调查能力,为制定有效的食源性疾病预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法用描述性流行病学方法对2015-2020年凉山州食源性疾病病例监测聚集性分析发现的疑似食源性疾病事件信息和经调查核实的食源性疾病事件信息进行分析。结果 2015-2020年凉山州有疑似食源性疾病事件801起,其中仅52起事件经调查核实;发病人数范围在25例的疑似事件数最多,有733起;随着发病人数的增加,经调查核实事件数在疑似事件中的占比也随之增加;疑似事件数呈逐年上升趋势,经流行病学调查核实的事件数在2019-2020年明显增加;部分地区从未开展过疑似事件的流行病学调查核实;疑似事件集中发生在6-8月,疑似事件的可疑暴露食品居前3位的依次为菌类及其制品、野果、蔬菜及其制品,发生场所主要为家庭与野外。结论凉山州食源性疾病事件监测预警能力不足,流行病学调查能力急需提高;需加强针对性的食品安全健康教育工作。

Objective To improve the ability of food-borne diseases cases monitoring, early warning and epidemiological investigation by analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of the suspected food-borne disease incidents in Liangshan Prefecture, and to provide scientific basis for the development of effective prevention and control measures for food-borne diseases. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the information of suspected food-borne diseases incedents found by cluster analysis of cases monitoring and incidents verified by investigation in Liangshan Prefecture from 2015 to 2020. Results From 2015 to 2020,there were 801 incidents of suspected food-borne diseases, of which only 52 incidents were verified by investigation in Liangshan Prefecture;the patients number for 733 suspected incidents was between 2 and 5;the proportion of the verified incidents in suspected incidents increased,accompanied by the increase of patients number;an increasing trend has been shown in suspected incidents number,moreover,theverified incidents increased significantly in 2019 and 2020;the epidemiological investigation and verification of suspected incidents have neverbeen carried out in some areas;the suspected incidents occurred mainly in June to August,the top three suspicious exposed foods were fungi and their products, wild fruits, vegetables and their products, and the places of occurrence were mainly family and field. Conclusion The ability of food-borne disease incidents monitoring and early warning is insufficient, and the ability of epidemiological investigation needs to be improved urgently. Moreover,the targeted food safety and health education should be strengthened in Liangshan Prefecture.