2011-2020年凉山州丙型病毒性肝炎流行特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Viral Hepatitis C in Liangshan From 2011 to 2020

目的分析凉山州丙型病毒性肝炎(简称丙肝)流行水平和发病特征,为制定有针对性的丙肝防治措施提供科学依据。方法选取《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》中报告的2011-2020年凉山州丙肝病例信息作为研究对象,按现住址、发病日期进行统计,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析,率的比较采用卡方检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 2011-2020年凉山州共报告丙肝22 007例,年均发病率、死亡率分别为46.98/10万、0.021/10万,发病率呈波动上升趋势,且10年间每年报告发病率均位居四川省第1位,死亡率保持在低水平;各月均有发病,无明显季节性;昭觉县报告发病数和发病率均为最高,报告发病数最少的是木里县,报告发病率最低的是会东县,11个贫困县年平均发病率为72.60/10万,6个非贫困县年平均发病率为20.75/10万,贫困县和非贫困县的年均发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.21,P<0.001);发病人群以男性为主,男性发病率69.15/10万,女性发病率23.31/10万,男女发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.20,P<0.001);发病年龄以3040岁组青壮年人群最多;病例职业以农民为主,占总发病数的87.64%。结论近年凉山州丙肝发病率一直处于四川省最高水平,且呈上升趋势。建议加大对凉山州丙肝防治工作的重视和投入,采取综合防治措施,有效降低丙肝发病率。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis C in Liangshan in order to provide scientific basis for the formulation of targeted prevention and treatment measures of viral hepatitis C.Methods Data of viral hepatitis C cases reported in“Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System”was selected according to the current address and onset date.Descriptive statistics were used for analysis.Chi-square test was used to compare the rates,and P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results From 2011 to 2020,a total of 22 007cases of viral hepatitis C were reported in Liangshan.The average annual morbidity and mortality were 46.98/105and 0.021/105,respectively,The morbidity showed a fluctuating upward trend in2011 to 2020.In the past 10 years,the annual morbidity in this area ranked first in Sichuan,but the mortality remained at a low level.There was no obvious seasonality of the morbidity and mortality.The number of cases and the morbidity in Zhaojue were the highest,whereas Muli had the lowest reported number of cases,and Huidong had the lowest reported morbidity.The average annual incidence was 72.60/105in 11 poverty-stricken counties and 20.75/105in 6 non-povertystricken counties.The difference of average annual morbidity between poverty-stricken and nonpoverty-stricken counties was statistically significant(χ^(2)=2.21,P<0.001).The majority of cases were males.The morbidity for males was higher than that for females (69.15/105vs.23.31/105,χ^(2)=2.20,P<0.001).The majority of cases aged between 30~40 years old.The occupation of most cases was farmer,which accounting for 87.64%of the total cases.Conclusion In recent years,the morbidity of viral hepatitis C has been at the highest level in in Liangshan,and showed a fluctuating upward trend.More attention and investment should be paid to the prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis C in liangshan prefecture,and comprehensive prevention and treatment measures should be taken to effectively reduce the incidence of viral hepatitis C.