2014-2018年渭南市农村中小学校饮用水卫生状况调查

Investigation and Analysis of Drinking Water in Rural Primary and Secondary Schools in Weinan City 2014 to 2018

目的了解渭南市农村中小学校饮用水卫生状况,为提高农村学校师生饮水质量提供参考依据。方法选取2014-2018年渭南市10个县(区/市)105所农村中小学饮水供水工程基本信息进行调查,并采集学校生活饮用水水样进行检测和分析。本文采用Excel 2007和SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析,组间率的比较采用χ^(2)检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果在105所农村学校中共采集542份水样,合格水样295份,合格率为54.43%。小学、初中、高中的水样检测合格率分别为62.89%、44.64%和35.71%,合格率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。主要不合格的单项指标是氟化物(78.41%)、总大肠菌群(91.14%)、菌落总数(92.99%)、浑浊度(93.73%)、硫酸盐(94.10%)、溶解性总固体(95.57%)、总硬度(97.79%)。结论渭南市农村中小学饮用水水质合格率较低,有潜在健康危害的可能,应采取相应的消毒处理措施,完善水质净化工艺,加强监督管理,加强饮用水卫生宣传和教育,保障农村学校学生的饮水安全。

Objective To understand the sanitary condition of drinking water in rural primary and secondary schools in Weinan city,and to provide reference for improving the drinking water quality of teachers and students in rural schools.Methods The basic information of drinking water supply project of 105 rural primary and secondary schools in Weinan city in 2014 to 2018 was investigated,and the drinking water samples of schools were collected for detection and analysis.Excel 2007 and SPSS 22.0 were used for statistical analysis.Chi-square test was used for comparison of inter-group rates,the test levelα=0.05.Results Of the 105 rural schools in Weinan City,a total of 542 water samples were collected,and 295 qualified water samples with a qualified rate of 54.43%.The qualified rate of water sample detection in primary school,junior high school and senior high school was 62.89%,44.64%and 35.71%respectively,and the difference of qualified rate was statistically significant(P<0.01).The main unqualified indexes were fluoride(78.41%),total coliform(91.14%),total colony count(92.99%),turbidity(93.73%),sulfate(94.10%),total solubility solid(95.57%)and the total hardness(97.79%).Conclusion The qualified rate of drinking water in rural primary and secondary schools in Weinan city is low,and there is a potential health hazard,so the corresponding disinfection measures should be taken to improve the process of water purification,supervision and management should be strengthen,the publicity and education of drinking water sanitation should be strengthen too,so that to ensure the drinking water safety of students in rural schools.