车联网环境下电动汽车群有序充电优化策略

Optimization Strategy for Orderly Charging of Electric Vehicles in the Environment of Internet of Vehicles

针对当前无序充电所引起的电能供需失衡、路线过载、电网安全受到威胁等问题,提出一种车联网环境下综合多方面因素的电动汽车群有序充电控制策略。该策略综合考虑电网、充电站、用户三者诉求构建多目标优化函数:电网侧以电网多时段负荷、总损耗和电压的变化值最小为目标,充电站侧以配电变压器容量值最大为目标,用户侧以用户充电成本最小为目标;结合用户出行需求、电网功率、电网负荷波动值、电动汽车目标电量以及配电变压器的容量等约束条件,采用CPLEX优化工具包计算有序充电优化方案。仿真结果表明,电动汽车有序充电优化策略对电网侧峰谷调控、电压稳定、节省用户充电成本等方面有显著效果。

For the problems caused by current disorderly charging, such as the imbalance between power supply and demand, line overload, threat to power grid security, this paper proposes an orderly charging control strategy incorporating multiple factors for electric vehicle groups under the environment of Internet of Vehicles. Firstly, the strategy comprehensively considers the power grid, charging stations and users to establish a multi-objective optimization function, where the grid side aims to minimize the changes of load, total loss and voltage in multiple periods, the charging station side aims to maximize the capacity of distribution transformer, and the user side aims to minimize the charging cost. Secondly, combined with the constraints of user travel demand, grid power, grid load fluctuation, target power of electric vehicles and distribution transformer capacity, CPLEX optimization toolkit is used to yield the orderly charging optimization scheme. Simulation results show that the orderly charging optimization strategy of electric vehicles has a significant effect on the peak valley regulation and voltage stability in the grid side and saving charging cost in the user side.