宋代士人阶层女性取名风尚探析--以墓志铭为中心的考察

The Analysis of Official Names and Zi of Women From Intellectual Scholars’ Family in Song Dynasty Based on the Epitaphs

宋代士人阶层女性的名字,既沿袭前代某些特征,又打上了宋代科举以及宦游文化的烙印。她们一般幼有小字,及笄之年由亲长为之取名及字。与前代中上层女性相比,她们的名及字对女德格外强调,而极少涉及姿容等,与同时代侍妾婢伎等下层女性的名字也有明显差别。德慧淑柔等字眼在女性名字中的占比远高于男性,表明原本中性的美德在此处呈现出了强烈的性别色彩。

The names of women born in the intellectual scholars’family of Song Dynasty demonstrated influences of the imperial examination systems and the request of officials working far away from their hometowns,as well as certain characteristics inherited from the previous dynasties.They normally have pet names(Xiaozi),given when they were young;official names(Ming)and Zi,chosen carefully by the elders when they reached the marriageable age(Jiji).The pattern of their pet names showed remarkable similarities of women from lower classes,but the official names and Zi emphasized the social expectations of being good wives in helping their husbands managing the family.Compared with the names and Zi of middle and upper classes of women from previous dynasties,the names and Zi of women in Song Dynasty showed great emphasis on female morality,but lacked of beauty and female sexual charms.That’s because the intellectual officials in Song Dynasty had different expectations of women from intellectual officials and lower classes,like housemaids,concubines and prostitutes,with their names as symbols.