17-18世纪新朱尔法“康曼达”制度研究

A Study on the Commenda System and Trade of New Julfa in the 17th-18th Century

新朱尔法的“康曼达”制度是以契约为依据的代理制度,是17—18世纪亚美尼亚人商业网络急剧扩张的产物,亦是其贸易繁荣之根本。该制度在家族企业的基础上运行:通过签订“康曼达”合同,新朱尔法富裕商人委托非血亲的亚美尼亚人在海外代表自己开展贸易。为保证“康曼达”制度行之有效,新朱尔法亚美尼亚人对“康曼达”制度进行创新与改造,建立专门的代理人培训制度,形成自己的人员选拔和培养模式。“康曼达”制度使亚美尼亚商人之间的合作团结而高效,其运行和管理模式被后来的股份制和有限合伙制所借鉴。

Commenda system is an agency system based on contract.It is the product of the rapid expansion of Armenian business network in the 17th-18th century,and also the foundation of its trade prosperity.The system on the basis of family businesses operates in the way that,wealthy businessmen in New Julfa entrust Armenian stranger in blood to trade overseas on their behalf by signing the Commenda contract.In order to ensure its effectiveness,the Armenians of New Julfa innovated the Commenda system,established a specialized agent training system,and formed their own personnel selection and training mode.The Commenda system renders the cooperation among Armenian businessmen unite and efficient,the operation and administration mode of which is used for reference by subsequent joint-stock system and limited partnership system.