Chemical speciation and anthropogenic sources of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during summer in Beijing, 2004

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)were measured at six sites in Beijing in August,2004.Up to 148 VOC species,including C_(3) to C_(12) alkanes,C_(3) to C_(11) alkenes,C_(6) to C_(12) aromatics,and halogenated hydrocarbons,were quantified.Although the concentrations differed at the sites,the chemical compositions were similar,except for the Tongzhou site where aromatics were significantly high in the air.Based on the source profiles measured from previous studies,the source apportionment of ambient VOCs was preformed by deploying the chemical mass balance(CMB)model.The results show that urban VOCs are predominant from mobile source emissions,which contribute more than 50% of the VOCs(in mass concentrations)to ambient air at most sites.Other important sources are gasoline evaporation,painting,and solvents.The exception is at the Tongzhou site where vehicle exhaust,painting,and solvents have about equal contribution,around 35% of the ambient VOC concen-tration.As the receptor model is not valid for deriving the sources of reactive species,such as isoprene and 1,3-butadiene,other methodologies need to be further explored.