轴承外圈多工序加工机器人自动上/下料系统设计及应用

Design and application of robot automatic loading and unloading system for bearing outer ring with multi-process machining

针对工业机器人上/下料在数控机床加工中存在的改造成本高、结构复杂、生产效率提升不明显和适应性单一等问题,设计了面向轴承外圈多工序交叉组合加工的机器人自动上/下料系统。根据系统及轴承外圈加工工艺分析,确定了系统的组成、布局及工作流程;采用欧姆龙可编程逻辑控制器(Programmable Logic Controller,PLC)实现多台设备之间的通信;通过对夹具、原料输送机、过渡滑道和成品滑道等关键机械部件的设计,实现了对多组不同尺寸工件的输送、抓取、翻面、上料和下料等作业。通过对比企业改造前、后实际生产应用,废品率由4‰降为1‰,员工数量由30人降为3人。该系统结构简单、成本低、生产效率高、适应性强,可为机器人上/下料系统在其他产品生产中的应用提供参考。

In order to solve the problems of high cost,complex structure,low production efficiency and single adaptability of industrial robot loading and unloading in CNC machining,a robot automatic loading and unloading system for bearing outer ring with multi-process cross-combination machining was designed.According to the analysis of the system and bearing outer ring processing technology,the composition,layout and work flow of the system were determined;the communication between multiple equipment was realized by using OMRON PLC;through the design of key mechanical parts such as fixture,raw material conveyor,transition slide,finished product slide,etc.,the operations of conveying,grasping,turning over,loading and unloading of various groups of workpieces with different sizes were realized.Through the comparison of the actual production and application before and after the transformation of the enterprise,the scrap rate was reduced from 4‰to 1‰,and the staff number was reduced from 30 to 3.The system has the advantages of simple structure,low cost,high production efficiency and strong adaptability,which provides a reference to the application of robot loading and unloading system in other productions.