云南省临沧市小学生近视现况调查

Prevalence of myopia among primary school students in Lincang City, Yunnan Province

目的了解云南省临沧市小学生近视现状,分析近视的相关影响因素,为当地近视防控提供初步的参考依据。方法横断面研究。采用随机分层抽样方法,于2019年6月随机抽取云南省临沧市4所小学的一年级至六年级小学生共666名,对调查的小学生进行电脑验光,问卷调查学生的一般情况、每天近距离学习用眼时间、每天电子产品使用时间、每天户外活动时间、近视是否配镜治疗。采用χ^(2)检验比较性别、年龄、年级、民族、每天学习用眼时间、每天电子产品使用时间、每天户外活动时间不同的近视患病率差异,二项logistic回归分析近视的相关影响因素。结果本次调查小学生平均年龄(9.5±1.6)岁,其中男性343名、女性323名。近视学生人数达277名,近视患病率高达41.6%,而佩戴眼镜者仅占近视学生的18.4%。χ^(2)检验结果显示,女生近视患病率高于男生(χ^(2)=4.617,P=0.032);年龄越大患病率越高(χ^(2)=17.848,P<0.001),年级越高患病率越高(χ^(2)=32.514,P<0.001);每天学习用眼时间越长患病率越高(χ^(2)=6.515,P=0.038),每天电子产品使用时间越久患病率越高(χ^(2)=15.369,P<0.001),每天户外活动时间越久患病率越低(χ^(2)=29.448,P<0.001)。不同民族间的近视患病率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.679,P=0.246)。二项logistic回归分析结果显示,小学生近视与否与性别、年龄、年级、每天学习用眼时间、每天电子产品使用时间、每天户外活动时间具有相关性(P均<0.05)。结论云南省临沧市小学生近视患病率高达41.6%,而佩戴眼镜者仅占近视学生的18.4%,是不容忽视的公共健康问题。近视与小学生的性别、年龄和年级相关,同时与小学生的用眼行为密切相关。

Objective To explore the prevalence of myopia in primary school students in Lincang, Yunnan Province, and to analyze the factors associated with myopia in order to provide a reference for local myopia prevention and control. Methods Cross-sectional study. A total of 666 primary school students from Grade 1 to Grade 6 of 4 primary school in Lincang City, Yunnan Province were randomly selected to undergo computer optometry examination in June 2019 by using the random stratified sampling method. At the same time, a questionnaire was conducted among the students, including general information of the students, daily hours of studing, daily hours of electronic products using, daily hours of outdoor activities and whether corrected with glasses or contact lens when myopia. The χ^(2) test was used to compare the differences in the prevalence of myopia in gender, age, grade, ethnicity, daily hours of studing, daily hours of electronic products using, daily hours of outdoor activities. The binomial logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the related influencing factors of myopia. Results The average age of primary school students participated in the survey was 9.5±1.6 years, among whom 343 were males and 323 were females. The number of myopic students reached 277, as high as 41.6% of the total students. However, only 18.4% of the myopic students wore glasses. The results of χ^(2) test showed that the proportion of myopia in girls was higher than that in boys(χ^(2)=4.617, P=0.032);the older the age, the higher the proportion of myopia(χ^(2)=17.848, P<0.001);the higher the grade, the higher the proportion of myopia(χ^(2)=32.514, P<0.001);the longer daily hours of studing, the higher the proportion of myopia(χ^(2)=6.515, P=0.038), the longer daily hours of electronic product using, the higher the proportion of myopia(χ^(2)=15.369, P<0.001);the longer daily hours of outdoor activities, the lower the proportion of myopia(χ^(2)=29.448, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the proportion of myopia among different ethnic groups(χ^(2)=6.679, P=0.246). The results of binomial logistic regression analysis showed that the prevalence of myopia in primary school students was associated with gender, age, grade, daily hours of study, daily hours of electronic products use, daily hours of outdoor activities(P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of myopia among primary school students in Lincang City of Yunnan students is as high as 41.6%, while those who wear glasses account for only 18.4% of myopia students, which is a public health problem that cannot be ignored. Myopia is related to the gender, age and grade of primary school students, and is closely related to primary school students’ eye behavior.