贵州药用植物金果榄野生资源调查

Investigation on Wild Resources of Medicinal Plant Tinospora capillipes in Guizhou

【目的】探明贵州野生药用植物金果榄的分布状况、生长环境特点和资源现状,为保护和开发贵州省金果榄野生资源提供依据。【方法】通过查阅相关资料及走访调查,确定分布点,设置调查线路,对贵州省7个地州市20个县的27个野生金果榄居群地进行调查。【结果】贵州省野生金果榄主要分布在黔东南州、黔南州、铜仁市、遵义市、安顺市、毕节市、黔西南州等地区,介于东经103°36′~109°35′、北纬24°37′~29°13′,海拔315~2085m,居群成片状分布;生长环境年平均气温13.0~18.4℃、年日照时数1068~1400h,年有效积温5600~6100℃,年降雨量1100~1400mm,生长于山坡脚、沟边的灌丛、针阔叶混交林、针灌混交林林下或林缘地带,土壤以黄壤土和石灰土为主,含有较多石砾;居群面积3000~16450m^(2),种群密度0.016~0.072株/m^(2)。【结论】贵州金果榄野生资源面临濒危,建议加快金果榄野生资源保护,研究金果榄种苗繁育、野生变家种技术,发展人工种植,保障可持续开发和利用。

【Objective】In order to provide the basis for protecting and developing wild resource of Tinospora capillipes in Guizhou Province,the distribution situation,growth environment characteristics and resource status of wild medicinal plant T.capillipes in Guizhou are explored.【Method】Through consulting relative data,interview and investigation,the distribution points are determined,and the investigation routes are set up.27 population sites of wild T.capillipes in 20 counties of 7 prefectures in Guizhou Province are investigated.【Result】The wild T.capillipes in Guizhou Province is mainly distributed in Qiandongnan Prefecture,Qiannan Prefecture,Tongren City,Zunyi City,Anshun City,Bijie City and Qianxinan Prefecture,which located in east with longitude of 103°36′-109°35′,northern latitude of 24°37′-29°13′,and altitude of 315-2085 m,and the populations are distributed into sheets.As for the growth environment,the annual mean temperature,annual sunshine duration,annual effective accumulated temperature and annual precipitation are 13.0-18.4℃,1068-1400 h,5600-6100℃and 1100-1400 mm respectively.They grow at the foot of hill,bushes along ditches,coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest,and under or at the edge of coniferous and bush mixed forest.The soil is mainly yellow soil and lime soil,containing more gravel.The population area and population density are 3000-16450 m^(2) and 0.016-0.072 plant/m^(2) separately.【Conclusion】The wild resources of T.capillipes in Guizhou are endangered.It is recommended to accelerate the protection of wild resources of T.capillipes,study the seedling propagation and wild species varying family technology of T.capillipes,and develop the artificial cultivation to ensure the sustainable development and utilization.