城市社区居民参与社区治理的动力及类型研究——基于C市3个社区的实例考察

Research on Motivation and Types of Urban Residents’Participation in Community Governance——Based on Empirical Studies on 3 Communities in the City C

提升社区居民参与水平和质量是推动社会治理创新与治理现代化的重要体现。为加强和创新社区治理,有必要研究城市社区居民参与社区治理的行为动力。理性选择理论认为,社区居民的参与动力主要是资源获取与价值追求,文章据此将城市社区居民参与分成四种类型:主动依附型参与、被动依附型参与、主动独立型参与、被动独立型参与。文章通过分析C市3个社区的实例,认为主动独立型参与效果最好,能有效提升社区治理水平,并提出应以扩大居民参与的收益、降低居民参与的成本以及规范居民参与的过程等方式促进其他参与类型向主动独立型参与转变,实现社区治理创新的对策建议。

Improving the level and quality of community participation is an important manifestation of promoting social governance innovation and modernization.To strengthen and innovate community governance,it is necessary to study the behavioral motivation of urban residents to participate in community governance.Rational choice theory believes that the motivation of urban residents in community participation mainly include acquisition of resource and pursuit of value.Based on this,urban residents’community participation is divided into four types:active and dependent participation,passive and dependent participation,active and independent participation,as well as passive and independent participation.Case studies on three communities in the City C show that active and independent participation results in best outcomes and can effectively improve the level of community governance.The paper then proposes countermeasures and suggestions on expanding the benefits of residents’participation,reducing the cost of their participation and regulating the process of their participation so as to promote the transformation of other types of participation toward active and independent participation and achieve innovation in community governance.