陕西秦岭大熊猫种群和栖息地现状及保护管理规划

The Status Quo and Conservation Management Planning of Giant Panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)Population and Habitat in Qinling Mountains,Shaanxi Province

以陕西省第4次大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)调查数据为基础,通过文献查阅及走访调查,对陕西秦岭地区大熊猫种群数量及扩散、栖息地消长、保护管理现状进行客观分析。结果表明:与第3次调查时相比,大熊猫种群数量增长、种群及栖息地扩散明显;但种群发展及生境威胁尚未解除,仍面临种群分割、内部竞争压力大、遗传压力加剧、栖息地破碎程度加大、潜在栖息地增长缓慢且质量较低、不确定性因素增加以及人为干扰等问题。以现状为基础,从实际问题出发,以保护规划的视角提出构建秦岭大熊猫“一心两翼多点”的空间结构保护模式及规划思路,围绕保护提出重点建设内容,以期通过规划干预,扭转陕西秦岭大熊猫濒危的局面。

We studied the current situation of the population and range expansion,habitat fluctuation,protection and management of the panda in the Qinling Mountains of Shaanxi Province,based on the data of the fourth survey of pandas in Shaanxi Province,literature review,and field interview.The results showed that compared to the third survey,the population increased as did habitat area.But,the threat to population development has not been removed as some problems remain.These include population fragmentation,high internal competition pressure,increased genetic pressure,increased habitat fragmentation,slow growth and low quality of potential habitat,increased uncertainty factors and human disturbance.Based on the current situation and various practical problems,we offer the space structure and planning thoughts of“one heart-two wings-many points”as a strategy for protection and reversal of the endangered situation of the Qinling Panda.