深圳市内伶仃岛中华穿山甲冬季洞穴生境选择

Winter Cave Habitat Selection of Chinese Pangolin(Manis pentadactyla)in Neilingding Island,Shenzhen,China

为研究深圳内伶仃岛中华穿山甲(Manis pentadactyla)冬季洞穴生境的选择特征,采用路线调查法对其洞穴生境进行调查评估。结果表明:共计完成调查路线18条,调查范围覆盖岛屿各个区域。调查期间记录到洞穴165个,其中新鲜洞穴(1个月内)38个,洞穴在蕉坑湾东南部分布较为密集,岛屿腹部仅有零星的陈旧洞穴分布。运用GIS空间分析技术和R软件广义可加模型(GAM)技术对中华穿山甲冬季期间洞穴生境选择性的分析表明,灌草丛盖度、乔木数量及海拔对内伶仃岛中华穿山甲冬季洞穴生境选择有显著影响(P<0.05)。中华穿山甲冬季建造洞穴时,倾向于选择灌草丛盖度为0.2—0.6,乔木数量较少,海拔居中(100—200 m)的生境,对其他生境条件的选择没有明显倾向。

In order to explore the selection of cave habitat of Chinese pangolin(Manis pentadactyla)in Neilingding Island in winter,we investigated the cave habitats by using a route survey method.A total of 18 survey routes were set to cover all areas of the island.We recorded 165 caves,of which 38 were fresh caves(built within one month).The caves are densely distributed in the southeast of Jiaokeng and Dongwan Village.Old caves are scattered in the abdomen of the island.Based on GIS spatial analysis and R software generalized additive model(GAM),we found that the factors coverage of shrubs and grasses,number of trees,and elevation in Neilingding Island had significant impacts on the winter habitat selection of Chinese pangolin(P<0.05).When building caves in winter,Chinese pangolin tend to choose the habitats with a shrub coverage between 0.2 and 0.6,fewer trees,and a middle elevation(100-200 m).They have no obvious tendency to other habitat conditions.