圈养古巴火烈鸟的繁殖技术

Research on Breeding Techniques of Captive Cuban Flamingo(Phoenicopterus ruber)

2015—2020年,以福州动物园33只古巴火烈鸟(Phoenicopterus ruber)为研究对象,通过日常饲养管理总结繁殖经验,并结合监控视频,采用随机观察、目标跟踪法对古巴火烈鸟的繁殖行为、繁殖年龄、繁殖季节、配对模式、发情与交配、筑巢、产卵与孵化、出壳与育雏等方面进行观察研究。结果表明:古巴火烈鸟4—6岁开始产卵繁殖,配对模式属一夫一妻制,偶有3鸟繁殖组和4鸟繁殖组;在福州地区,降水量大和气候温暖的2—4月开始发情交配,3—7月产卵,产卵高峰在6月,每窝1枚卵,每年产1—3枚,孵化期为28 d,人工孵化温度为37.3—37.5℃,相对湿度为60%—75%;古巴火烈鸟为半早成鸟,由双亲用嗉囊乳哺育,10日龄内每2—4 h饲喂1次,4—6 d可离巢活动,育雏期一般为4—6个月。通过对古巴火烈鸟繁殖行为的系统研究,掌握古巴火烈鸟的繁殖特性及规律,对提高圈养古巴火烈鸟种群的繁殖率有重要意义。

I summarized the breeding experience from 2015 to 2020 on daily husbandry of 33 Cuban flamingos(Phoenicopterus ruber)at Fuzhou Zoo.I investigated reproductive behavior,reproductive age,breeding season,matching mode,oestrus and mating,nesting,egg laying and hatching,shell breaking and brooding using random observation and target tracking,combined with surveillance videos.The results showed that Cuban flamingo started to lay eggs at 4-6 years of age.The mating mode was monogamous but three and four birds occasionally bred as a group.The flamingos began estrus and mating from February to April with heavy rainfall and warm climate in Fuzhou region,and laid eggs from March to July.The peak of egg laying was in June,with one egg in each nest and one to three eggs per year.The incubation period was 28 days.The artificial incubation temperature was 37.3-37.5℃,and the incubation humidity was 60%-75%.Cuban flamingo is a semi-precocial species and young are fed by their parents by regurgitation of partially digested food material.Young birds were fed once every 2-4 hours for 10 days after hatching and left the nest at 4-6 days,the brooding period was usually 4 to 6 months.I systematically studied the reproductive behavior of Cuban flamingo to understand their reproduction.My objective was to improve the breeding rate of the captive Cuban flamingo population.