麋鹿常见疾病及其防治

Common Diseases of Père David's Deer(Elaphurus davidianus)and Their Prevention Methods

野生动物疾病与人类的健康息息相关。麋鹿(Elaphurus davidianus)是我国特有湿地物种,国家一级保护野生动物,世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)物种红色名录将其濒危等级定为野外灭绝(EW)。世界各地现存的麋鹿均为19世纪末保存在英国乌邦寺的18只麋鹿的后代,麋鹿经历了多次遗传瓶颈,遗传多样性较低,其疾病类型具有自身特性;虽然目前麋鹿种群逐渐扩大,但疾病仍是影响麋鹿种群健康和稳定扩大的重要因素。结合日常饲养管理,从细菌、病毒、寄生虫和普通疾病四大类型方面,综述了国内外麋鹿常见的疾病,并给出相应的防治措施,为麋鹿的健康管理和科学保护,以及为生物物种安全和公共卫生安全提供理论依据。

Wildlife diseases are closely related to human health.Père David's deer is an endemic species in China,which is a national first-class protected wildlife,and classified as Wild Extinction in the IUCN.Currently,the populations of Père David's deer all over the world are the descendants of 18 Père David's deer kept in Woburn Abbey,England at the end of the 19thth century.Père David's deer had experienced genetic bottlenecks for many times,resulting in low genetic diversity and their own disease types.After extinction and reintroduction in China,the population of Père David's deer gradually expanded,however,their health and stable expansion have being influenced by various diseases.In this paper,we summarized the common diseases of Père David's deer from four aspects(bacteria,virus,parasites and other common diseases),combined with daily feeding management,and the corresponding prevention measures.We aimed to provide theoretical basis for the health management and scientific protection of Père David's deer,and for biological species safety and public health safety.