新中国成立以来野生动物保护法制建设回顾及展望

Review of Wildlife Protection Legal Development Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China and Prospects for the Future

基于新中国成立以来野生动物保护的法律文本及历史实践,采用历史分析法,对野生动物保护法制建设的缘起、变迁历程和内在逻辑进行系统分析。结果表明:野生动物保护法制建设大致经历了起步探索阶段(1949—1977)、加快发展阶段(1978—2011)和全面发展阶段(2012—2020)。为进一步做好野生动物保护工作,新时代野生动物保护法制建设应从生态优先和预防为主等方面明确野生动物立法原则,从修订《野生动物保护法》、出台《禁止食用野生动物条例》、增加或修订部门法、促进相关法律有效衔接等层面健全野生动物保护法律制度,从调整野生动物保护管理体制、加大人力财力投入、纳入绿色政绩考评范围、加强宣传教育等方面完善野生动物保护配套制度和实施机制。

Based on the legal text and historical practice of wildlife protection since the founding of the People's Republic of China,I systematically analyzed the origin,evolution,and internal logic of the legal construction of wildlife protection using the historical analysis method.Development of the legal system for wildlife protection went through an initial exploration stage(1949-1977),an accelerated development stage(1978-2011),and a comprehensive development stage(2012-2020).To further improve wildlife protection work,development of law in the new era should first clarify the principles of wildlife legislation from the aspects of ecological priority and prevention.It should improve the legal system of wildlife protection from the aspects of revising the Wildlife Protection Law,issuing new regulations on the prohibition of eating wild animals,adding or revising departmental laws,and promoting the effective convergence of relevant laws.The supporting system and implementation mechanism of wildlife protection should be improved by adjusting the management system of wildlife protection,increasing human and financial investment,bringing it into the scope of green performance evaluation,and strengthening publicity.