欧洲运动员双重生涯发展现状研究及启示

R esearch on Status Quo of Athlete Dual Career Development in European Countries and Its Implications

运动员“双重生涯发展(Dual Career)”即运动生涯与职业生涯/教育生涯共同发展。本文以英国、意大利、瑞典、芬兰、西班牙等欧洲国家的运动员双重生涯发展情况为研究对象,采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、比较分析法等定性研究方法,对欧盟运动员双重生涯发展政策、欧盟成员国合作项目、欧洲主要国家的举措等进行分析,得出欧洲国家支持运动员进行双重生涯发展的战略特点有:制定国家级体育奖学金计划;建立跨行业、跨部门协作网络;尽早开展职业生涯规划服务;国家公共部门提供退役安置渠道;建立双重生涯发展在线服务网。

Athlete Dual Career refers to the simultaneous development of athletic career and academic or professional career.Focusing on the athlete dual career development in European countries such as UK,Italy,Sweden,Finland,Spanish,etc,this paper applies methods of literature review,expert consultation and comparative analysis to research on the related policies and cooperative programs in Europe.The strategic characteristics of European countries supporting athlete dual career development include:formulating national sport scholarship plans;establishing cross-sector cooperative network;providing career planning service as soon as possible;arranging positions for retired athletes in public institutions;as well as establishing comprehensive online service hub.