我国促进3岁以下婴幼儿照护服务发展的政策分析及思考--基于28个省级实施意见政策文本的NVivo软件分析

Policy Analysis and Reflection on Promoting the Development of Care Services for Infants under 3 Years Old in China—Based on the NVivo Analysis of the Policy Text of 28 Provincial Implementation Opinions

为推动构建“幼有所育”的国家基本公共服务体系,通过NVivo12软件对我国28个省级促进3岁以下婴幼儿照护服务发展的政策文本进行质性研究。从工作目标、主要任务、保障措施、组织实施四大重要主题,21个重要子主题进行深入对比分析。得到政策文本存在的如下问题:市场化重视程度不足,供需矛盾短时间难以有效缓解;行业专业化重视不足,精准行业业务指导难以有效;专业科学知识普及不足,整体科学照护氛围难以形成;婴幼儿照护的教育研究重视不足,专业研究和发展缺乏内生动力。为此,提出四点解决措施:坚持公益性原则,发挥政策引领市场主体作用,形成差异化、多层次的供给格局;加快形成多学科的行业专家智库群,推动对于婴幼儿照护的精准业务指导;加强婴幼儿照护科学知识的宣传和普及,提升整体科学照护氛围的全面形成;瞄准婴幼儿照护的相关前沿研究,催生婴幼儿研究发展的内生动力。

In order to promote the construction of the national basic public service system of“people’s access to childcare”,this pa-per conducted a qualitative study on the 28 policy texts of provincial level in China on promoting the development of care services for infants under 3 years old through Nvivo12.From the four major themes of work objectives,main tasks,safeguard measures and organi-zational implementation,and 21 important sub-themes,in-depth comparative analysis was conducted.The following problems exist in the policy text:the lack of attention to marketization,the difficulty in effective alleviation of the contradiction between supply and de-mand in a short time;insufficient attention to industry specialization,and difficulty in accurate industry business guidance;the insuffi-cient popularization of professional scientific knowledge,and the difficulty in forming overall scientific care atmosphere;scant attention-on education and research on infant care,and the lack of endogenous motivation for professional research and development.And four corresponding measures are put forward to solve the problem:the childcare policy should adhere to the public-welfare nature,give play to the primary role of policy in leading the market,and form a differentiated and multi-level supply pattern;the formation of a multi-disciplinary group of industry experts and think tanks should be accelerated to promote accurate business guidance for infant care;the publicity and popularization of scientific knowledge of infant care should be strengthened,and the overall formation of scientif-ic care atmosphere should be enhanced;the related cutting-edge research of infant care should be targeted,and the endogenous motiva-tion for research on the development of infant should be generated.