挑战与变革:1917-1945年的英国家庭津贴运动

Challenge and Reform:The British Family Allowances Movement(1917-1945)

19世纪以来工业化和城市化的迅速推进严重冲击了英国家庭的生存和发展能力,家庭贫困问题逐渐凸显为一个严峻的社会问题。1917年,以埃莉诺·拉斯伯恩为首的女权主义者发起了一场以国家资助家庭为原则的家庭津贴运动。运动期间,女权主义者和劳工妇女广泛调动了人们对家庭政策的关注度,促使家庭津贴成为社会各界聚焦的热点议题。但由于各政党和社会团体对家庭津贴的认知存在较大分歧,使得运动脱离了女权主义者的预定轨道,有力地冲击了传统的性别观念和政府既有的家庭理念,推动了英国传统家庭政策的转型。

The rapid advancement of industrialization and urbanization since the 19 th century had severely impacted the survival and development capabilities of families, and the problem of family poverty had gradually become a serious social problem. Feminists headed by Eleanor Rathbone launched a family allowance movement based on the principle of state subsidy for families in1917. During the movement, Feminists and labor women widely mobilized people’s attention to family policies, and made family allowances a hot topic in all sectors of society. However, due to the large differences in the perception of family allowances among various pressure groups, the movement had deviated from the feminist track, but it has strongly impacted traditional gender concepts and the government’s existing family concepts, and promoted the transformation of the traditional family policy in the Britain.