“债务换取自然”与塑造绿色话语霸权:美国对热带森林的保护政策及评析

Debt for Nature Swaps and Hegemony of Green Discourse:Tropical Forests Protection Policy of U.S.and Its Analysis

西方长期的殖民统治使第三世界的热带森林遭受严重破坏。二战后,发展中国家在现代化建设过程中陷入举借国际贷款和不断加强自然资源开发的桎梏。进入20世纪80年代后,环境问题日益引起国际社会的重视,美国率先提出针对第三世界“债务换取自然”的环境保护政策。鉴于在国际气候问题上的保守态度引起的反感,美国在20世纪90年代开始将这一政策付诸实施,先后以美洲倡议和《热带森林保护法案》为基础,试图通过热带森林保护政策以重塑美国政府的环保形象。这对热带森林保护具有一定的积极意义,但也有较大局限性,其背后附加的经济和政治条件将第三世界与美国捆绑在一起,实质上是美国在国际环境事务中塑造绿色话语霸权和推行生态殖民主义的一种体现。

The long-term colonial rule of the West has caused severe damage to the tropical forests of Developing Countries,this environment injustice runs through the entire history of tropical forests.During the process of modernization after the Second World War,the Developing Countries have entered a vicious cycle of increasing debt and environmental crisis,resulting to the decreasing of tropical forest gradually.After 1980s,environmental issues have increasingly attracted the attention of the international communities,the United States put forward the Debt for Nature policy in 1984.In the 1990s,the US used the“American Initiative”and the“Tropical Forest Protection Act”as its basis to try to use this strategy to protect tropical forests and reshape the environmental image of the US government.It has protected the tropical forest to a certain extent,from the perspective of environmental injustice,there are inequitable behaviors such as disregard for the resources and sovereignty of developing countries.For the third world,they should take the initiative to take responsibility for the protection of tropical forests and establish long-term protection mechanisms.