何以“制度”:晚唐五代的延英议政及其“制度化”研究

What is the System:A Study of Yanying Discussion and Its Institutionalization in the Late Tang and Five Dynasties

延英议政是晚唐五代中枢运作的重要擘画,君主主动开延英与群臣奏请开延英是两种基本模式。在过程视域下可以离析为群臣奏请和开延英两个环节,动议流程有赖于"牓子"与"宣头"两种政务文书。宦官群体凭借职务之便控制文书的递转而介入政务运作。延英议政的"制度化"蕴含了"制度"形成的时空维度,昭示了"制度"萌蘖与确立的过程。

The YanYing Discuss is a systematic plan in the late Tang and Five Dynasties.It can be divided into two modes:the monarch’s initiative and the ministers’performance.From the perspective of the political process,it can be divided into two processes:the group of Ministers'performance and the monarch's extension,The complete process of performance depends on two kinds of government documents,it is BangZi and XuanTou,which connect the whole practice.The wish of Yanying was passed to the monarch through the BangZi,after the monarch's decision-making,the information of opening Yanying was issued by XuanTou.In the late Tang and Five Dynasties,BangZi and XuanTou were the guarantee of Yanying's spread of documents,while eunuch groups controlled the process and opportunity of document information transmission by virtue of their convenient advantages,so as to achieve the purpose of power.