全球服务贸易发展与中国面临的机遇和挑战

Global pattern of trade in services and the opportunities andchallenges faced by China

随着全球服务贸易总额的高速增长,全球服务贸易格局出现不均衡发展特征。对当前全球服务贸易发展趋势进行梳理,分析当前中国服务贸易发展面临的机遇与挑战,提出中国在“十四五”期间推进国际贸易发展的路径。研究认为,中国在服务贸易方面存在逆差,且逆差在不断扩大;就具体服务行业而言,中国在诸如建筑、运输等传统服务贸易方面发展形势较好,但在旅游、留学方面存在较大逆差,原因在于中国总体经济发展较好使得国民拥有更多收入购买境外服务,并且中国部分服务基础设施国际化尚有不足。研究还认为,随着数字贸易兴起并在服务贸易中扮演愈加重要的地位,为中国服务贸易发展带来新机遇,中国需要围绕扩总量、调结构、找亮点、树特色、减逆差5个方面发展服务贸易,在减少旅行服务贸易逆差的同时,重点发展数字贸易,积极参与国际合作并主动争取服务贸易相应规则制定的话语权。

With the rapid growth in the total volume of global trade in services,the global pattern of trade in services has been showing characteristics of imbalanced development.This paper aims to present the global developing trend of trade in services,analyze the opportunities and challenges faced by China in its trade in services development,and put forward paths in which China can develop its international trade during the period of the 14th Five-Year Plan.The research believes that China suffers from a growing trade deficit in service sectors.In terms of specific service sectors,China has a relatively good situation in traditional sectors such as construction and transportation,but suffers a large deficit in sectors such as tourism and studying abroad.There are multiple reasons behind this.On the one hand,the overall economic development of China has enabled its citizens to spend more income on service imports.On the other hand,there are several problems such as the lack of internationalization with China's service infrastructure.Recently,digital trade emerges and plays an increasingly important role in the trade in services,which provides new opportunities for the development of China's trade in services.China should focus on five aspects to develop its trade in services,namely,the expansion of total volume,the adjustment of structure,the search for highlights,the establishment of unique features and the reduction of deficit.While making effort to reduce the deficits in trade in travel services,China should also focus on the development of digital trade,participate in international cooperation actively and strive for the international discourse power in the formulation of the rules and terms of trade in services.