提取方法对香蕉皮粗多糖的组成、性质及结构的影响

Effects of extraction methods on the composition,properties and structure of banana peel crude polysaccharides

采用热水浸提(HWE)、酸辅助提取(ACAE)、碱辅助提取(ALAE)、酶法浸提(EE)、高压热水提取(HPHWE)、超声热水提取(UHWE)等6种方法提取香蕉皮粗多糖(BPCP),比较不同提取方法对BPCP化学组成、性质及结构等的影响。结果表明,不同BPCP的化学组成有差异,其中BPCP-UHWE中总多糖含量最高(39.62%);不同BPCP的平均分子质量分布有差异,其中BPCP-HPHWE的分子质量分布较集中,其分子质量为2.68 kDa的多糖占94.4%;不同BPCP的单糖组成不同,但均含有甘露糖、半乳糖醛酸以及葡萄糖醛酸;不同BPCP的有机官能团无明显差异,但微观结构不同,BPCP-HWE与BPCP-UHWE均为紧密的大块状结构;BPCP-HPHWE呈乳液状;BPCP-ALAE、BPCP-ACAE呈颗粒状聚集,BPCP-EE呈碎片状、表面疏松多孔。不同BPCP的表观黏度不同,其中BPCP-HWE(0.006~0.023 mPa·s)和BPCP-UHWE(0.006~0.016 mPa·s)的表观黏度较大,但其与表观结构相关,与分子质量无关。

Banana peel crude polysaccharides(BPCP)were extracted by hot water extraction(HWE),acid assisted extraction(ACAE),alkali assisted extraction(ALAE),enzymatic extraction(EE),high pressure hot water extraction(HPHWE),ultrasonic hot water extraction(UHWE),and the effect of different extraction methods on chemical composition,properties and structure were compared.The results showed that the chemical composition of different BPCPs were different.Among them,total polysaccharide contents of BPCP-UHWE were the highest(39.62%);The average molecular mass distribution of different BPCPs was different.Among them,the molecular mass distribution of BPCP-HPHWE was more concentrated,and the polysaccharide with a molecular mass of 2.68 kDa accounted for 94.4%;The monosaccharide composition of different BPCPs was different,but they all contained mannose,galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid.There was no obvious difference in the organic functional groups of different BPCPs,but the microstructures were different.The structure of BPCP-HWE and BPCP-UHWE were compact and bulky.BPCP-HPHWE was in the form of emulsion;BPCP-ALAE and BPCP-ACAE were aggregated in granular form,and BPCP-EE was in fragment form with loose and porous surface.The apparent viscosity of different BPCP was different.Among them,the apparent viscosity of BPCP-HWE(0.006-0.023 mPa·s)and BPCP-UHWE(0.006-0.016 mPa·s)were larger,but they were related to the apparent structure,rather than the molecular mass.