摘要
3.Coordinating Protection of Civil and Political Rights Personal rights protection has been strengthened in China.The Constitution states that“the personal freedom of citizens of the PRC shall not be violated.”The Legislation Law stipulates that matters involving criminal offences and penalties,compulsory measures and penalties involving deprivation of a citizen's political rights or restriction of personal freedom,and the justice system must be governed by laws developed by the National People's Congress(NPC)and its Standing Committee.The Criminal Law sets the principles of legality,equality before the law,and punishment fitting the crime.It punishes criminal acts that violate citizens'rights to life,health,freedom,etc.,as provided for by the law.The Criminal Procedure Law states in the General Provisions that respecting and protecting human rights is one of the objectives of this law,and defines the principles of presumption of innocence and exclusionary rule to protect the human rights of criminal suspects,defendants and criminals.
(三)协调推进公民权利和政治权利保障人身权保障不断加强。宪法确认了公民人身权。立法法规定,有关犯罪和刑罚、对公民政治权利的剥夺和限制人身自由的强制措施和处罚、司法制度等事项,只有全国人大及其常委会有权立法。刑法确立罪刑法定原则、平等适用刑法原则、罪刑相适应原则,依法制裁侵犯公民生命、健康、自由等权利的犯罪行为。刑事诉讼法将“尊重和保障人权”写入总则,明确规定无罪推定原则、非法证据排除规则,保护犯罪嫌疑人、被告人和罪犯依法享有的人权。民法典强调人身自由、人格尊严受法律保护,明确规定公民的人身权利受法律保护,任何组织或者个人不得侵犯。行政处罚法、行政强制法等行政法律通过规范行政权保障公民人身权。
