基于耕地消纳的畜牧业粪污环境承载力研究——以北京市为例

Environmental Carrying Capacity of Livestock and Poultry Manure Based on Cultivated Land Consumption—A Case Study of Beijing

随着社会经济发展水平的不断提高,环境问题越来越受到各方的广泛关注,畜牧业发展与环境承载力的矛盾也日益突出。选取北京市畜禽粪污环境承载力作为研究对象,基于北京市各区畜禽粪便产生量、污染物产生量以及耕地猪粪当量负荷的分析,计算了2019年北京市各区猪粪当量负荷的预警值,并将得到的预警值与畜禽污染物负荷警报分级进行对比分析。结果显示,2019年北京市全市猪粪当量负荷预警值为0.17,畜禽粪污产生的环境负荷小于警报值,其中只有平谷区的警报值略微超过警报值,对环境具有一定的潜在污染。最后,围绕北京市畜禽粪污环境承载力存在的问题,提出了合理布局畜牧业养殖结构、优化畜禽粪污消纳布局的建议。

With the continuous improvement of the level of social and economic development,environmental problems have attracted more and more attention from all sides,and the contradiction between the development of animal husbandry and environmental carrying capacity has become increasingly prominent.Selecting the livestock and poultry waste environmental bearing capacity as the analysis object,based on the analyses of Beijing all districts'pig amount of livestock and poultry dung,pollutants discharge and land equivalent load,the early warning value of pig equivalent load in all districts in Beijing in 2019 was calculated,and the comparison analysis of warning value and livestock and poultry pollution load alarm classification was carried out.The results showed that the warning value of equivalent load of pig manure in Beijing in 2019 was 0.17,and the environmental load generated by livestock and poultry manure pollution was less than the warning value,and only the warning value of Pinggu district slightly exceeded the warning value,showing a certain potential pollution to the environment.Finally,focusing on the problems existing in the environmental carrying capacity of livestock and poultry manure pollution in Beijing,some suggestions were put forward to rationally distribute the structure of animal husbandry and optimize the distribution of livestock and poultry manure pollution absorption.