葡萄灰霉病病原菌鉴定及天然药物的抑制效果评价

Identification of grape gray mold pathogen and evaluation of inhibitory effect of natural fungicide

采用形态学特征观察及SCAR标记检测等方法,对四川成都葡萄产区葡萄灰霉病病原菌进行分离鉴定和致病力检测,并利用天然中草药提取物对葡萄灰霉病病原菌进行体外抑菌试验。结果表明,四川成都产区葡萄灰霉病的病原菌均为灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea),其对不同葡萄品种致病力差异较大,对‘黑巴拉多’致病力最强,第6天平均病斑直径达9.500 mm;对主栽品种‘巨峰’的致病力较弱,为5.756 mm;而对‘巨玫瑰’无明显致病性。中草药丁香、厚朴提取液对灰葡萄孢抑菌效果最好,在醇提物质量浓度为200 mg/mL时,平均抑菌圈直径均达到40 mm以上,抑菌率大于87%,EC50分别为0.218、0.420 mg/mL,可用于制备灰霉病天然防治药物。

In this study,morphological characteristics observation and SCAR marker detection were used to isolate and identify pathogenic bacteria of gray mold in Chengdu plain.In addition,natural Chinese herbal extractions were used to conduct antibacterial test in vitro.The results showed that Botrytis cinerea was the main pathogen causing grey mold in grape producing areas of Chengdu in Sichuan.The pathogenicity differentiation of Botrytis cinerea to different grape varieties was serious,and the pathogen was the most strongly pathogenicity to‘Black Barado'grape,the average lesion diameter was 9.500 mm on the 6th day;the pathogenicity to the main cultivar of‘Kyoho'grape was weak,and the average lesion diameter was 5.756 mm;However,there was no obvious pathogenicity to‘Jumeigui'.Chinese herbal extractions of Clove and Magnolia had the stronger antibacterial effect.When the alcohol extraction mass concentration was 200 mg/mL,the average diameter of antibacterial circle was more than 40 mm,the antibacterial rate was over 87%,and the EC50 were 0.218 mg/m and 0.420 mg/mL,respectively,which could be used to prepare natural fungicide for grape gray mold control.