雷蒙德·威廉斯文化唯物主义共同文化思想探析

Analysis on the Common Culture Thoughts in Raymond Williams'Cultural Materialism

雷蒙德·威廉斯坚持文化研究的社会批判和政治批判维度,将“作为整体生活方式的文化”确立为其文化唯物主义核心概念,突破了精英主义对文化的狭隘理解,对精英主义文化观念提出挑战和批判,强调“文化是平常的”,关注被忽视甚至被蔑视的大众文化和工人阶级文化,倡导大众共有、共享和共建的文化观,追求共同文化的社会理想,并为此付出了艰辛的努力。雷蒙德·威廉斯共同文化思想深化了历史唯物主义对文化的形态和功能的思考,其基于大众立场的共同文化建构理念对于建构新时代文化共同体具有一定的借鉴意义,但其中的文化乌托邦倾向则需要警惕和反思。

Insisting on the social and political critical dimensions of cultural studies,Raymond Williams establishes a whole way of life as the core concept of his cultural materialism which breaks through the elitism's narrow understanding of culture,thus challenges and criticizes the elitist conceptions of cultural.Williams emphasizes that culture is ordinary,pays attention to mass culture and working-class culture that are ignored or even despised,advocates the cultural view of co-ownership,shared benefits and joint contribution as well,pursues the social ideal of a common culture and has made hard work for it.The common culture thoughts of Raymond Williams have deepened historical materialism's thoughts of cultural form as well as functions.Based on the position of the masses,his concept of common cultural construction can be useful reference for constructing cultural community in the new era,however,its tendency of cultural utopia needs to be treated vigilantly and reflectively.