疫情防控常态化下流动儿童抗逆力提升的小组干预:一项随机对照试验

The Effect of Group Work on the Improvement of the Resilience of Migrant Children Under the Normalization of COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention and Control

在新冠肺炎疫情防控常态化背景下,本研究运用校园抗逆力理论,设计随机对照试验,通过开展六节抗逆力干预主题的小组活动,试图提升流动儿童的抗逆力水平并探讨活动设计的有效性。广州市白云区农民工子弟小学中的流动儿童被随机分配进入活动组和对照组,在2020年10月至2021年1月参加了本活动。参加小组活动的流动儿童填写了基线问卷、后测以及4个月后的跟踪问卷,以测量参加活动儿童的抗逆力、社会排斥感、积极情绪水平、新冠恐惧水平以及消极情绪水平在活动前后不同时间点的变化情况。共有68名学生完成了活动以及所有测试(年龄8到11周岁,M=9.29,SD=0.79;干预组为29人,对照组为39人)。重复测量方差分析的结果显示,疫情下的抗逆力小组改善了活动组的抗逆力水平[组间主效应:F(1,66)=8.31,p=.01,η=0.11]、提升了积极情绪[组间主效应:F(1,66)=6.51,p=.01,η=0.09]、减少了社会排斥感[组间主效应:F(1,66)=4.04,p=.05,η=0.06]以及减少了新冠恐惧水平[组间主效应:F(1,66)=4.74,p=.03,η=0.07]。活动组和对照组在消极情绪水平上并无显著差异。活动干预效果可能受到疫情变化以及学校教学周期的影响。抗逆力提升小组工作是一种有效提升流动儿童抗逆力以及心理健康水平的有效手段。同时,在疫情防控常态化背景下,校园环境抗逆力干预活动对流动儿童的长期效果需要进一步探讨。

This study applied the theory of school resilience to design a randomized controlled trial In the context of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control.Through six themed activities on resilience of migrant children,this study tried to improve the resilience level of migrant children and explored the effectiveness of activity design.Migrant children from Baiyun District Migrant Children Primary School in Guangzhou were randomly assigned to the activity group and the control group,who participated in the activity from October 2020 to January 2021.Migrant children who participated the activities filled out the baseline,postintervention and the four-month follow-up test.A total of 68 students completed the activities and all the tests(age 8 to 11,M=9.29,SD=0.79;29 in the intervention group and 39 in the control group).The results of repeated-measure ANOVA showed that the resilience group improved the resilience level,positive emotions,reduced social exclusion and fear of coronavirus in the active group.There was no significant difference on negative emotion between the activity group and the control group.The long-term effects of school environment resilience intervention on migrant children need to be further explored.