基于地理大数据的省域休闲农业空间格局及其影响因素研究——以浙江省为例

Analysis on influencing factors and spatial distribution of leisure agriculture at provincial level based on geographic big data:a case study of Zhejiang Province,China

目前,国内外关于休闲农业空间分布的研究大多基于传统调查数据开展。随着网络电子地图的发展,POI(point of interest,兴趣点)数据和通行时间数据为此类研究提供了新的大数据来源,但运用这些数据进行省域休闲农业空间分布研究的实例较少。为此,以高德地图POI数据和百度地图驾车通行时间数据为基础,运用最近邻指数、核密度估计等方法,结合地理探测器分析工具,研究了浙江省休闲农业的空间分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明:休闲农业在浙江省省域尺度上呈多核集聚分布,形成了杭州-湖州核心密集区和安吉县核心密集区,以及其他都市依托型密集区和景区依托型密集区。休闲度假类、田园农业体验类、农家乐类、回归自然类休闲农业项目呈现连片集聚,民俗风情类、村落乡镇类休闲农业项目分布较为均匀,科教旅游类休闲农业项目数量较少。经济发展水平、收入和消费能力、农业发展水平是影响休闲农业密集分布的最主要的社会经济因素。休闲农业分布的都市依托性和景区依托性明显:田园农业体验类等依赖地理区位和地形特征的类型连片集聚,而民俗风情类等与地理区位和地形特征联系较弱的类型则分布较为均匀。整体上,资源禀赋丰富、经济发展和农业发展水平高、居民消费能力较高、客源市场较大、交通较为便捷的区域,休闲农业发展环境较好。

Most of the current studies on the spatial distribution of leisure agriculture are based on the traditional survey data.With the development of online electronic maps,POI(point of interest)data and driving time data provide new big data sources,yet there are a few examples of this kind of big-data-based study on spatial distribution of leisure agriculture at the provincial level.Based on POI data from Gaode Map and driving time data from Baidu Map,with methods including Nearest Neighbor Index and Kernel Density Estimation,and implementation of Geographic Detector,tthe spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of leisure agriculture in Zhejiang Province were studied.It is shown that leisure agriculture has a multi-core agglomeration distribution at the provincial level,with apparent dependence of cities and scenic spots,forming core dense area including Hangzhou-Huzhou junction and Anji County,as well as several urban dependent and scenic dependent dense areas.The types of leisure vacationing,rural farm work experiencing,agritainment and back-to-nature entertainment show continuous clusters due to geographic location and terrain characteristics,while the folk custom experiencing and villages and townships sightseeing types show weak geographic links and are more evenly distributed.The number of science and education touring type POIs is quite small.The levels of economic and agricultural development,together with income and consumption capability,are important social and economic factors affecting the intensive distribution of leisure agriculture.Overall,in areas with certain natural resources,high levels of economic and agricultural development,or where residents have relatively high consumption capability and the tourist market is large,or where transportation is relatively convenient,a better environment for leisure agriculture development is likely to be provided.