预重整的目的、法律地位与性质——基于对我国预重整地方实践的反思

Purpose,Legal Status and Nature of Pre-reorganization:Based on the Reflections on the Practice of Local Pre-reorganization in China

预重整是一种融合庭外重组和破产重整的机制,是在当事人庭外重组谈判基础上借助司法重整程序保护的制度改进方案。其目的在于克服庭外重组和传统重整的弊端,巩固庭外重组协议的效力,并减少重整的成本和提高重整效率。为此目的,预重整的功能应是“程序衔接”和“效率促进”。预重整既不同于纯粹庭外重组也不同于传统破产重整,而是一种“混合”型程序。它兼顾了当事人意思自治和司法强制,故具有私人与国家干预的双重属性,但以私人属性为主。目前我国许多地方法院积极探索预重整并出台了自己的规则,呈现出“中国式的预重整”特点,在肯定其积极作用同时,在预重整的目的、法律地位和性质等基本问题上也需反思,以期为我国破产法修改中确立统一的预重整规范提供参考。

Pre-reorganization,an integration of out-of-court reorganization and bankruptcy reorganization mechanism,is a system improvement plan under the protection of judicial reorganization process on the basis of reorganization negotiations by the parties out of the court.The purpose is to overcome the disadvantages of out-of-court reorganization and traditional reorganization,consolidate the effectiveness of out-of-court reorganization agreements,reduce the cost of reorganization and improve the efficiency of reorganization.To this end,the functions of pre-reorganization should be"process alignment"and"efficiency enhancement".Different from either pure out-of-court reorganization or traditional bankruptcy reorganization,pre-reorganization is a kind of"mixed"procedure.It gives consideration to the parties'autonomy of will and judicial coercion,so it has the dual properties of private and state intervention,though the former ones are dominant.At present,many district courts in our country are actively exploring reform and introducing their own rules,carrying out pre-reorganization with"Chinese characteristics".While affirming its positive role at the same time,we also need to reflect on such basic issues as the purpose of pre-reorganization,the legal status and nature so as to provide reference for establishing the unified pre-reorganization standards in modifying the bankruptcy law in our country.