行株距配置对水稻群体冠层结构及产量的影响

Effects of Row and Hill Spacing on Rice Canopy Structure and Yield

合理行株距配置能调节水稻群体微环境,协调群体与个体的关系,是水稻高产栽培最基本也是最关键的技术。为探索不同行、株距配置群体结构及光合性能对产量构成的调控作用,构建合理行株距配置,以辽宁主栽水稻品种辽粳401为试材,研究不同行株距配置[(33+17)×17cm、(33+17)×14cm宽窄行栽植;25×17cm、25×14cm窄行等距栽植;30cm×16cm等行距栽植;30×20cm为对照]对齐穗期群体结构和光合特性以及产量的影响。结果表明:与光能截获密切相关的叶面积指数随着密度增加而增加,25cm等行距密植形式叶面积指数最高,可获得高产,但由于茎蘖数过多和LAI过大,群体质量和抽穗后干物质积累量降低,导致穗粒数或结实率的下降,宽窄行密植可通过降低40cm以下群体下部和80cm以上冠层叶面积指数来降低群体叶面积指数,优化群体,在保证稳定有效穗数基础上更利于后期籽粒灌浆,提高结实率和千粒重,形成高产;宽窄行栽植模式下剑叶净光合速率高于其他栽植模式,显著高于25cm等行距栽植方式,各层消光系数均显著高于其他处理,可获得充分光能截获,(33+17)cm×17cm宽窄行栽植模式的温、光生产效率可高于对照18.89%,实现了对光、温资源的高效利用。宽窄行栽植可优化密植群体的冠层结构而获得高产,为北方粳稻行株距配置、宽窄行栽培增产原理研究奠定了理论基础和参考依据。

Reasonable plant spacing could regulate the microenvironment of rice population and coordinate the relationship between population and individual,which is the most basic and key technology for rice high-yield cultivation.In order to explore the regulation effect of plant spacing arrangement on yield composition under high-dense planting conditions and to construct reasonable plant spacing arrangement,the main rice variety Liaojing 401 was used as the entry to study the effects of different row spacing arrangement(row and hill spacing were(:33+17)×17 cm,(33+17)×14 cm,25×17 cm,25×14 cm,30cm×16 cm,30×20 cm was CK)on population structure,photosynthetic characteristics and yield at heading stage.Results showed that the leaf area index was closely related with light interception when increased with the density;25 cm row spacing density obtained high yield and the highest leaf area index,but spikelets per panicle and seed setting rate declined due to the large stem tillers number and LAI,which bring down the quality of population and the accumulation of dry matter after heading.Wide and narrow lines of dense planting improved group structure by changing the space configuration to reduce the leaf area index below 40cm and above 80cm.On the basis of ensuring stable and effective panicle number,it is more conducive to grain filling in the later stage,improving seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight and forming high yield;The net photosynthetic rate of leaf in the wide and narrow lines planting mode was higher than other planting modes,and reached a significant level compared with the 25cm row spacing planting mode.Extinction coefficient of each layer was significantly higher than that of other treatments and more light energy interception can be obtained.The temperature and light production efficiency of(33+17)×17cm row planting mode was 18.89%higher than that of CK,achieved the efficient utilization of light and temperature resources.Wide-narrow row planting can optimize the canopy structure of dense planting population and obtain high yield,which lays a theoretical basis and reference for the research on the principle of planting wide-narrow row planting and increasing yield of northern japonica rice.