多样性视角下城市基本公服设施空间配置特征研究:以武汉市为例

Research on the Characteristics of Spatial Arrangement of Basic Urban Public Service Facilities from a Diversity Perspective:A Case Study of Wuhan

城市基本公服设施配置是城市规划实践的重要内容之一。已有的理论研究和实践多注重基本公服设施的数量供给探讨,对其服务能力的距离衰减特征和服务对象的社会群体多元特征重视不足。在考虑均衡配置原则的指导下,文章认为其空间配置应当注重服务单元内的基本公服设施的数量供给与多样性供给。以武汉市为例,文章基于POI和微信宜出行数据,利用GIS技术和多样性指数模型测度其空间配置特征,发现其在数量特征上呈现典型的核心-边缘格局,存在供给和需求的失配问题;在多样性特征上总体水平较低,三环线内呈现核心-边缘格局特征,三环线外表现出断层配置的问题,且部分边缘地段的城市居民只享有单一的基本公共服务设施。

Spatial arrangement of basic urban public service facilities is an important part of urban planning practice.Compared with the supply quantity of basic public service facilities,the distance decay of their service ability and diversity of their users have received little attention,both in theoretical study and practice.Under the principle of balanced allocation,this paper holds that spatial allocation should take into account both quantity and diversity of basic public service facilities within a service unit.Taking Wuhan City as an example,this paper,based on the data of POI and WeChat Yichuxing,examines the spatial arrangement characteristics of its basic urban public service facilities by GIS analysis and the diversity index modes.It concludes that the spatial arrangement of its basic public service facilities shows a typical core-periphery pattern in terms of quantity and an inconsistency of supply and demand;there is a low level of diversity:within the 3^(rd)Ring Road of Wuhan a core-periphery pattern is seen,outside the 3^(rd)Ring Road a lack of allocation is shown,and urban residents in some marginal areas only have access to singular basic public service facilities.