澳大利亚城乡用地分类标准及比较研究

Classification Criteria of Urban and Rural Land Use in Australia and a Comparative Study of Australia and China

步入国土空间规划改革时代,各项规划编制管控标准都面临重构,用地分类标准无疑是各项标准中最核心的内容。文章引入澳大利亚城乡用地分类标准,详细解读各个层次用地分类标准的特征和应用。在国家层面,构成了以土地利用管理分类(ALUM)为主导,以标准工业分类(ANZSIC)和不动产评估分类(AVPCC)为补充的分类体系。ALUM体现出较强的弹性与包容性,被广泛运用于国家土地资源调查、评估和监测实践中。通过代码转换,能够与其他两大分类标准无缝衔接,从而构建“土地自然状况-土地价值评估-土地产出效益”的土地价值链,更为精准地实现用地管控。州层面的用地分类导则主要面向规划编制和建设开发,体现出全域统筹、城乡一体、保护资源等特点。澳大利亚用地分类标准相关特点与我国国土空间规划改革目标不谋而合,可以为我国用地分类标准的优化重构提供全方面的借鉴。

As China steps into the era of spatial planning reform,all planning and management standards are facing re-organisation.Undoubtedly,the core content of each standard is the land classification standard.This paper introduces the classification criteria for urban and rural land use in Australia and explains in detail the characteristics and applications of land use classification standards at various governing levels.At the national level,its national classification system is mainly constituted by the Land Use Management Classification(ALUM),and also comprises the Australia and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification(ANZSIC)and the Australia Valuation and Property Classification Code(AVPCC).With strong flexibility and inclusiveness,the ALUM standard is widely used in national land resource survey,assessment and monitoring practices.Through code conversion,it can seamlessly interface with the other two major classification standards,thus constructing the land value chain of“land natural condition-land value assessment-land output benefit”,to realise a more accurate land management and control.The state-level land-use guidelines,which are characterized by regional integration,urban-rural integration,and resource conservation,are made mainly for planning compilation,construction,and development.Australian land use classification criteria,whose characteristics coincide with the spatial planning reform goals of China,can provide a comprehensive reference for the optimisation and reconstruction of China’s land use classification standards.