中国大城市流动人口聚居区的形成机制与社会影响:以广州“湖北村”为例

The Formation and Social Impact of Migrant Enclaves in Chinese Large Cities:A Case Study of“Hubei Village”,Guangzhou

既有流动人口聚居区的相关研究较少关注流动人口在空间塑造上的主观能动性和日常生活实践,更缺乏对流动人口空间集聚和社会流动相互关系的深度探讨。文章以广州市“湖北村”——一个制衣厂林立且以湖北籍流动人口为主体的城中村——为研究案例,采用质性研究方法,阐明“湖北村”的形成与演变机制,尤其关注流动人口基于聚居区和跨地方的空间实践及其所产生的社会作用。研究表明,流动人口通过积极主动的日常生活实践,推动了在地化制衣产业的集群发展和独特的乡缘聚居空间的成型。同时,“湖北村”的形成与发展也为流动人口在大都市中提供了一个“落脚点”,为其实现向上流动和融入城市社会提供了一条快速通道。文章不仅强调了流动人口在适应城市生活和寻求发展过程中的主观能动性及日常生活实践的作用,也为流动人口聚居区研究提供了一个新的视角,还揭示了流动人口的空间集聚和社会流动的相互关系,并对当前流动人口聚居区大规模拆迁改造模式所存在的问题做了深入探讨。

Little research has been done to investigate how rural migrants shape the formation of migrant enclaves through their agency and everyday practice,and no effort has been made to probe into the relationship between spatial agglomeration and social mobility of migrants.Through a qualitative research of Hubei Village,a migrant enclave with a high concentration of migrants from Hubei Province and small-scale garment producers in Guangzhou,this paper expounds the formation and development of Hubei Village,focusing on the enclave-based and translocal practice of migrants,to reveal the role that Hubei Village plays in the social mobility and adaptation of migrants.Our findings reveal that through everyday practice,migrants act as active roles in the growth of the local garment industry,as well as the formation and the development of Hubei Village.Meanwhile,the existence of Hubei Village also provides a shelter for rural migrants in the city,offering a viable path through which rural migrants can achieve upward mobility and social integration without giving up their original values,cultures and habits.This paper not only emphasizes the function of agency and everyday practice of rural migrants,providing a new perspective for the research on migrant enclave,but also reveals the interrelation between spatial agglomeration and social mobility,and discusses the feasibility of large-scale demolition and renovation of rural migrant enclaves in coastal big cities.