龟兹石窟建筑形制之成因分析

Analysis on the Formation of the Architectural Form of Qiuci Grottoes

佛教东渐,丝绸之路新疆段天山南麓遗存了大量的佛教石窟建筑。龟兹石窟通过丝绸之路在东西方文化交往中继承印度佛教文化,广泛吸收中、西亚地区文化和我国中原文化,同时融合本民族固有文化,在发展过程中逐渐形成独具龟兹风格的建筑形式。从建筑形制的角度来看,其形成原因主要受其内部空间功能需求、建筑理念及建构技术、地形地貌、气候环境、经济文化等条件的影响。虽然古印度佛教石窟是龟兹石窟最原始的传入形式,但龟兹石窟在此基础上广泛适应不同时期的佛事活动和僧侣生活的实际需要,创造出一种独具地域特色的"龟兹式"石窟建筑。

As Buddhism spread eastward,a large number of Buddhist Grotto buildings were remained in the southern foot of Tianshan Mountain in the Xinjiang section of the Silk Road.Through the cultural exchanges between the east and the west along the Silk Road,Qiuci Grottoes inherited the Buddhist culture of India,extensively absorbed the culture of Central and West Asia and the culture of Chinas’Central Plains,and at the same time integrated the native culture of the ethnic group.In the process of development,Qiuci Grottoes gradually formed the architectural form with a unique Qiuci style.From the perspective of the architectural form,the causes for its formation are mainly influenced by the functional demands of internal space,architectural concepts and construction technology,topography and climate,economy and culture.Although ancient Indian Buddhist Grottoes are the most original imported form of Qiuci Grottoes,the Qiuci Grottoes widely adapt to the Buddhist activities and the actual needs of monks’life in different periods on this basis and create unique"Qiuci style"grottoes architecture with regional characteristics.