全球移徙治理中的国际移民组织与联合国难民署:互动实践与合作特征

IOM and UNHCR in Global Migration Governance:Interactive Practice and Cooperation Characteristics

具有一定相似性的国际组织之间通过在特定议题领域互动实践,形成全球治理的一种新的重要机制———组织间合作。通过对联合国难民署和国际移民组织这两个具有相似功能的政府间国际组织的各自发展进行分析,发现二者具有一定的相似之处,这种相似性为二者的合作与互动提供了基础。联合国难民署和国际移民组织自20世纪50年代成立至今,经历了有限的互补性合作探索、深入相识的合作共赢、制度化的对等合作等阶段,并在合作领域、合作内容和合作制度化等方面不断强化。二者的合作互动呈现出一定的特征和趋向,如求合驱竞、求同存异、制度化、区域转向等,为同类型国际组织间关系的发展提供了一定借鉴。对联合国难民署和国际移民组织合作历程进行具体分析,旨在加强对国际组织间关系的理解,并为解决全球非正常移徙问题提供一种善治路径,即寻求组织间合作。

Inter-Organizational cooperation,a new and important mechanism of global governance,is formed among international organizations with certain similarities through interaction and practice in specific topics.Through the analysis of the respective development of the two intergovernmental international organizations with similar functions,the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees(UNHCR)and the International Organization for Migration(IOM),it is found that they have some similarities,which provides a basis for their cooperation and interaction.Since its establishment in the 1950s,the UNHCR and the IOM have gone through the stages of limited complementary cooperation exploration,win-win cooperation through in-depth acquaintance,institutionalized equal cooperation,and constantly strengthened in the fields,contents and institutionalization of cooperation.The cooperation and interaction between the two shows some features and trends,such as seeking cooperation and driving competition,seeking common ground while reserving differences,institutionalization,regionturn,etc.,which provides a certain reference for the development of the relationship between the same type of international organizations.The purpose of this paper is to strengthen the understanding of the relationship between international organizations and provide a good governance path to solve the problem of global irregular migration.