噬菌体解聚酶及其与细菌荚膜间作用机制的研究进展

Advances in research on bacterial depolymerase and its mechanism of interaction with bacterial capsules

噬菌体疗法随着临床上耐药菌的种类与数量的增多而重新受到重视。细菌荚膜一方面是重要的毒力因子,另一方面也为噬菌体的识别和侵染宿主菌提供吸附位点。近年来研究表明部分噬菌体能产生降解细菌荚膜多糖的解聚酶,从而破坏细菌表面的保护结构,帮助噬菌体完成侵染,也利于血清或抗生素发挥作用。并且解聚酶具有化学性质和生物学效应稳定的特点,适合于大量生产。这为多重耐药菌感染的治疗提供了新的思路。本文将重点论述噬菌体解聚酶的结构与功能,并进一步阐述其与细菌荚膜间的作用机制,包括解聚酶的活性中心结构特征以及在荚膜上的作用位点等。

Phage therapy has been gaining attention due to the rise of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.Bacterial capsule polysaccharides are major virulence factors as well as a site of recognition and absorption for bacteriophages.It has recently been reported that some phages produce depolymerases,which can destroy capsules and thus sensitize bacteria to host immune attacks or antibiotics.Moreover,depolymerases are characterized by their stable chemical properties and biological effects,making them suitable for mass production.Phage-derived depolymerases have provided a new approach for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.In this review,the structure and function of depolymerases are described.Furthermore,the mechanism of interaction between depolymerases and capsules is detailed,including the structure of enzymatically active sites.