苏州市妊娠期女性抑郁情绪调查及其影响因素研究

The prevalence and influencing factors of depressive symptoms in pregnant women in Suzhou city

目的了解苏州市妊娠期女性抑郁发生状况及其相关影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,收集2017年1月~2018年8月在苏州市沧浪区、高新区社区卫生服务中心进行围产期保健的1492名孕妇,采用一般情况调查表、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)和广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)调查其抑郁症状及其相关影响因素。结果本次调查的1492名妊娠期女性中有抑郁情绪者237名,抑郁情绪检出率15.9%。不同受教育程度、居住方式、是否首次怀孕、是否独生女、婆媳关系、夫妻关系妊娠期妇女抑郁情绪检出率比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);有抑郁情绪的妊娠期女性GAD-7、PSQI得分均高于没有抑郁情绪者(P<0.01)。回归分析结果显示,PSQI总分、GAD-7得分、受教育程度、夫妻关系是妊娠期抑郁情绪的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论妊娠期女性抑郁情绪较为普遍,文化程度低、夫妻关系不和、睡眠质量差、焦虑情绪是孕妇抑郁情绪的危险因素,应对这一人群定期进行心理状况的筛查,并及时为她们提供心理支持,以预防妊娠期抑郁。

Objective To explore the prevalence of depressive symptoms and its influencing factors in pregnant women in Suzhou city.Methods A total of 1492 pregnant women from Community Health Service Centers in Gaoxin and Canglang districts of Suzhou city from January 2017 to August 2018 were selected through convenience sampling method,and assessed with general information questionnaire,Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)and Generalized Anxiety Disorder(GAD-7).Results There were 237 pregnant women with depressive symptoms from all the 1492 subjects,with a prevalence rate of 15.9%.There existed significant differences in the prevalence rates of depressive symptoms among pregnant women with different educational levels,living patterns,and different relationships with mother-in-law and husband,as well as whether were pregnant for the first time or not,whether were the only child or not(P<0.05).The pregnant women with depressive symptoms showed higher total scores of GAD-7 and PSQI than those without depressive symptoms(P<0.01).Regression analysis showed that the total scores of PSQI and GAD-7,educational levels and relationships with husband were influencing factors for the depressive symptoms in pregnancy(P<0.05).Conclusion The depressive symptoms in pregnant women are more common.Low educational level,marital disharmony,poor sleep quality,and anxiety are risk factors for depressive symptoms in pregnant women.Regular screening for psychological status and timely psychological support for this group of people should be provided to prevent depression during pregnancy.