比利时、德国和法国非洲猪瘟区域化防控实践

Practices of ASF Regionalization in Belgium,Germany and France

2018年以来,非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)疫情在欧洲蔓延,比利时和德国先后报告发生野猪ASF疫情。疫情发生后,比利时根据欧盟ASF区划相关原则和标准,将感染区划分为管控Ⅰ区和管控Ⅱ区,采取了加强被动监测、设立物理屏障等措施;而德国按照欧盟指令建立了管制区,针对公众、狩猎官员及猎人的行为以及生猪养殖、生猪调运等活动制定了相应的防控措施。与两国接壤的法国虽未发生ASF疫情,但为防止疫情传入,也实施了区域化防控,建立了白区和观察区,在白区内与比利时边境地带建设电网,以限制野猪进入,同时实行多部门、跨行业联防联控,并借助社会力量降低野猪种群密度,降低ASF疫情传入风险。本文总结了三国ASF区域化管理做法,以期为我国ASF防控提供借鉴。

Since 2018,African swine fever(ASF)has been widely spread in Europe,and the occurrences of ASF in wild boars were successively reported in Belgium and Germany.In Belgium,upon occurrence of the outbreak,infected zones were divided into control zonesⅠandⅡaccording to relevant principles and standards of ASF regionalization developed by EU,and the measures including passive surveillance and establishing physical barriers were taken.In Germany,control zones were established in accordance with EU directives,corresponding control measures were developed for the behaviors of the public and hunters as well as the activities including production and movement of pigs.In France,a country bordering the above countries,regionalization was implemented to avoid any introduction of outbreak although no ASF had occurred,and clear zones and observation zones were established.Power grid was established in the clear zones and areas bordering Belgium to prevent any wild boars.Meanwhile,ASF was prevented and controlled jointly by multi sectors and industries,and the population density of wild boars was reduced with the help of social efforts,so as to reduce any entry risk of ASF.In conclusion,the practices for ASF regionalization in the three countries were summarized with a view to providing some references for ASF prevention and control in China.