脑机接口的伦理问题研究

Research on the Ethical Issues of Brain-Computer Interface Technology

经50余年发展历程,脑机接口技术从“物理混合”到“心智融合”,逐渐形成三种并行发展态势,即治疗型BCI、服务型BCI和增强型BCI。既从神经系统疾病的诊断、预防和治疗,到“脑控”与“读心”功能,再到跨脑认知、复合体能和实现永生,给人类未来描绘了无限可能。但同时也带来了诸如安全性与有效性、人格同一性与真实性、脑隐私保护、决策自主权、责任归属等伦理问题。故建立健全技术安全性原则、脑隐私保护原则、自主决策原则、分配正义原则和政策保障原则,有助于客观理性地看待脑机接口技术为人类带来的风险与收益,推动其以合伦理性的方式全面健康发展。

After more than 50 years of development,brain-computer interface technology has gradually formed three parallel development trends from“physical blending”to“mental integration”,namely therapeutic BCI,service BCI and enhanced BCI.From the diagnosis,prevention,and treatment of neurological diseases,to brain-controlled and mind reading devices,and to the realization of immortality,it portrays unlimited possibilities for the future of mankind.But it also brings ethical issues such as safety and effectiveness,identity of personality and authenticity,protection of brain privacy,decision-making autonomy and responsibility attribution.Therefore,the establishment of the principles of technical security,the protection of brain privacy,the rules of autonomous decision-making and distribution justice,and the implementation of policy guarantees will help to objectively and rationally observe the risks and benefits that BCI technology brings to humans,and help it develop in an ethical manner.