小学生视网膜黄斑区的OCTA影像学观察

OCTA imaging observation of macular area in primary school students

目的探讨眼球屈光状态对小学生黄斑区血流灌注情况的影响。方法选取2018年7月至2019年7月于本院行OCTA检查的75名小学生(134只眼),根据检查结果的不同分为正视组(-0.5 D~+0.5 D,n=23)、近视组(>-0.5 D,n=40)和远视组(>+0.5 D,n=12),比较3组黄斑中心凹无血管区(FAZ)面积、黄斑区血流(Flow)面积、黄斑区中央视网膜厚度(CRT)。结果3组FAZ面积比较差异无统计学意义;3组Flow面积比较差异无统计学意义;3组CRT比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);正视组、远视组CRT均明显高于近视组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),正视组和远视组CRT比较差异无统计学意义。结论OCTA检查发现,与正视组和远视组比较,近视组CRT变薄,说明儿童时期近视就已经出现了解剖结构变化,OCTA可为评估小学生不同屈光状态的视网膜组织结构的变化提供参考。

Objective To investigate effect of ocular refractive state on blood perfusion in macular area of primary school students.Methods 75 school-age children(134 eyes)aged 6 to 14 years old who underwent OCTAexamination in our hospital from July 2018 to July 2019 were divided into emmetropia group(-0.5~+0.5 D,n=23),myopia group(>-0.5 D,n=40)and hyperopia group(>+0.5 D,n=12)according to the examination results.The area of foveal avascular zone(FAZ)and flow of the macular,and the central retinal thickness(CRT)in the macular area were compared among the three groups.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the area of FAZ among the three groups;the difference in the area of Flow among the three groups was not statistically significant;the difference in CRT among the three groups was statistically significant(P<0.05);the CRT of the emmetropia group and the hyperopia group were significantly higher than that of the myopia group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),there was no significant difference in CRT between the emmetropia group and the hyperopia group.Conclusion OCTA examination found that the CRT of myopia primary school students became thinner,compared with myopia group and hyperopia group.OCTA can provide a meaningful reference for evaluating the changes of retinal tissue structure in pupils with different refractive states..