“视频搬运”现象的著作权法应对

Mashup Videos and the Adaption of Copyright Law

“视频搬运”现象作为短视频类的著作权争议,已经由最初客体的可版权性转向行为的合法性认定问题,其核心在于如何判断短视频中以不同形式使用他人作品的行为是否合法。由于移动互联网时代短视频制作和传播早已超出网络用户自我表达的范畴,成为“引流”和“圈粉”的重要手段,并通过用户规模的提升给互联网平台带来经济收益,因此其性质应视为“职业创造内容”,并严格根据“三步检验法”判断“搬运”的合法性,从行为是否与原作品使用产生经济上的冲突来决定是否将因搬运而生的短视频纳入事前许可范围。同时,为保障互联网传播效率的充分发挥,有必要将互联网平台作为著作权集中和大规模许可的主体看待,突破传统集体管理制度对集体管理组织的认知局限,允许互联网平台集中行使著作财产权,发挥数字权利管理信息的功能,降低作品在互联网传播的信息成本和协商成本,保障网络用户能够继续低成本使用他人作品进行“二次创作”。

The controversies on mashup videos was firstly focused on the question of copyrightability.As a series of judicial decision finding the mini videos as copyrightable works,the legitimacy of using video footages to make mashup videos has become a more controversial issue today.Nowadays,mashup videos are not merely the tool of self-expression,but an essential way to increase the scale of platform users.Therefore,the making and transmitting of mashup videos should be considered as containing the reproduction of other's videos,based on"three-step test"in copyright law.If the making of mashup videos should be permitted by copyright owners,for purpose of efficiency,such permissions can only be obtained by internet platforms,who need to be considered as a new kind of collective management organization for collecting copyrights from right holders and licensing to the end users in its own platforms.Internet platforms can also use metadata as digital rights management to reduce information costs and bargaining costs that traditional collective management organizations usually have to bear.