论数字音乐版权独家交易的法律规制

The Legal Regulation on the Exclusive Deal of Digital Music Copyright

数字音乐版权独家交易兼具有促进竞争与限制竞争的双重效应。在长尾经济时代,头部数字音乐平台借助版权独家交易形成的市场统治力会随着音乐长尾市场开发力度的不断加大而受到削弱。虽然特定数字音乐平台凭借独家交易在热门、优质音乐资源的占有上确有竞争优势,但长尾音乐市场的竞争通道并未就此关闭,其他数字音乐平台仍可通过创新长尾过滤机制、提供特色化的服务项目与之继续开展竞争。鉴于此,立法不宜借助著作权限制规则对版权独家交易进行“一刀切”的否定或干预,而应遵从“包容审慎”的数字平台经济竞争监管原则,借助《反垄断法》有关纵向垄断协议的识别和豁免机制灵活处理数字音乐版权独家交易可能引发的排除、限制竞争问题。

Exclusive deal of digital music copyright has the dual effect of promoting competition and restricting competition.In the era of the long-tail economy,the market dominance of the top digital music platform with the help of exclusive copyright transactions will be weakened as the development of the music long tail market continues to increase.Although certain digital music platforms do have a competitive advantage in the possession of popular and high-quality music resources by exclusive transactions,the competitive channel in the long-tail music market is not yet closed.Other digital music platforms can still compete with the former through innovative long-tail filtering mechanism and special service items.Therefore,the legislation should not rely on copyright restriction rules to completely deny or interfere with exclusive copyright transactions,instead should comply with the"inclusive and prudential"supervision principle to digital platform economic competition.Additionally,the antitrust law's identification and exemption mechanism for vertical monopoly agreements should be used to flexibly deal with the exclusion and restriction of competition that may be triggered by exclusive transactions of digital music copyright.