地域歧视、补偿性溢价与户籍工资差距

Geographic Discrimination,Compensatory Premium and Wage Gaps between Migrants and Local Labor Forces

利用2002—2018年间四次中国住户收入调查数据,探究城镇劳动力市场上本地户口和外地户口劳动力之间的工资差距,并从行业内外选择的角度解释户籍工资差距变化。研究发现:2002和2007年本地户口劳动力的工资高于外地户口劳动力,但2013和2018年户籍工资差距发生了逆转。原因有两点:其一,外地户口劳动力的人力资本水平大幅提高,使得不同户籍之间的可观察特征差异显著降低。其二,户籍改革降低了行业内外的地域歧视,外地户口劳动力外出就业获得的补偿性溢价凸显。虽然行业间的地域歧视依然存在,但是行业内的补偿效果超过了歧视,使得行业内户籍工资差异逆转。

Using four round Chinese household income project surveys of 2002-2018,this paper explores the wage gaps between migrants and local labor forces in urban China’s labor markets,and explains the change of wage gaps from the perspectives of intra-and inter-industrial differentials.We find that in 2002 and 2007,the wage of workers with local registration is higher than that with non-local registration,while the result is reversed in 2013 and 2018.There are mainly two reasons:Firstly,the human capital of migrants has been improved a lot,and it is closed to the human capital of the workers with local registration,so the explained component of the intra-industrial differentials converges to zero;Secondly,the geographic discrimination between and within industries is declined due to household registration reform.Although regional discrimination still exists among industries,the compensation effect within the industry exceeds the discrimination,resulting in the reversal of household registration wage difference within the industry.