20世纪南非种族资本主义发展简述

Sketch of the Development of South African Racial Capitalism in the 20th Century

在20世纪绝大多数时段内,白人垄断政权,以种族隔离制度压制诸种社会矛盾,维护和推动资本主义经济的发展,获得暂时性经济发展的同时孕育了社会冲突的种子,造成了南非经济发展的长期困境。白人政权迫使黑人只能作为廉价劳动力被白人资本家和工人联合剥削。白人资本家和黑人劳工之间的矛盾逐渐演化为南非社会的主要矛盾。随着经济结构的改变,城市工人阶级不断壮大、成分构成变化、思想觉悟提升,上述主要矛盾不断冲击种族隔离制度。其间,白人和黑人各自先形成自身群体的认同,后又形成南非民族认同,为后种族隔离制度的建立奠定了基础,也为南非走出发展困境找到了出路。

For most of the 20th century,the white monopoly regime suppressed all kinds of social contradictions with the Apartheid System,and gained temporary economy development while breeding the seeds of social conflicts,making long-term economic plight in South Africa.The white regime forced black people to be exploited as cheap labor by white capitalists and workers.The contradiction between white capitalists and black laborers gradually evolved into the main contradiction of South African society.Later,this main contradiction gradually struck the apartheid system,with the change of economic structure,the evergrowing urban working class,its changed composition,and its improved ideological consciousness.During this period,the white and black first formed their own group identity,and then the national identity of South Africa,which had laid the foundation for the establishment of the post-apartheid system and found a way out of the predicament of South African development.