631例化妆品皮肤病回顾性分析

Retrospective analysis of cosmetic dermatoses in 631 cases

目的:探讨化妆品皮肤病发生的规律和特点,为监管化妆品皮肤病和开展健康教育活动提供数据支持。方法:收集我院2015年1月至2020年12月化妆品皮肤病患者一般资料、使用化妆品来源、化妆品不良反应等信息,汇总数据并进行统计分析。结果:化妆品皮肤病患者占皮肤科门诊患者总数的0.08%。631份报告中:发病以女性为主,占97.94%;发病年龄主要集中在21~40岁,占63.55%;有过敏史的患者占51.35%;进口化妆品占10.09%;按类别以护肤类为主,使用面膜者占45.17%;化妆品来源于商场超市专柜的占38.54%,来源于美容美发机构、网购及微商的占45.24%;接触性皮炎占49.13%,激素依赖性皮炎占32.33%。结论:化妆品不良反应类型以接触性皮炎为主,但接触性皮炎占比降低,而激素依赖性皮炎占比升高,应加强面膜和美容美发机构、网购、微商的化妆品监管力度。

Objective:To explore the patterns and features of cosmetic dermatoses and provide evidence for regulation of cosmetics and health education.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the patients′charts and analyzed adverse reactions to cosmetics from our hospital from January 2015 to December 2020.Results:Cosmetic dermatoses accounted for 0.08%of the total outpatients.Among the 631 cases,females accounted for 97.94%.The age of onset ranged from 21 to 40 years old(63.55%).Over 51%of patients had allergic history.The proportion of imported cosmetics was 10.09%.The most common cause of adverse reactions was facial mask films(45.17%).Supermarkets and beauty salons(including online stores and micro commerce)were the major sources of cosmetics(38.54%and 45.24%,respectively).Contact dermatitis and glucocorticoid-induced dermatitis accounted for 49.13%and 32.33%,respectively.Conclusions:The main adverse reactions to cosmetics are contact dermatitis,which is lower than previous studies,while the rate of glucocorticoid-induced dermatitis is higher.The supervision of facial mask films and cosmetics in hairdressing salons,online stores and micro commerce should be strengthened.